IDA001: Lichens of the Splash Zone

The characteristic band of black, yellow and white lichens define the upper limits of the rocky shore and are found in the "supra-littoral" zone. This image shows some of the most common species we find in Scotland that make up these bands:

(a) Tephromela atra
(b) Caloplaca marina
(c) Verrucaria maura
(d) Ramalina siliquosa (sea ivory)